Quadruple Helix Innovation Systems
The concept of the Quadruple Helix innovation system focuses on the contributions of arts, of civil society and of democracy for innovation. The Quintuple Helix emphasizes the importance of the socio-ecological transition in innovation processes (Carayannis and Campbell). See two open access article publications in JIE:
Quadruple Helix: http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/pdf/s13731-014-0012-2.pdf
Quintuple Helix: http://www.innovation-entrepreneurship.com/content/pdf/2192-5372-1-2.pdf
David F. J. Campbell
Interesting